{
  "schema_version": "0.1",
  "id": "MENALAB-MA-001",
  "title": "Saudi Arabia 2023 GDP narrative reversal",
  "country": "Saudi Arabia",
  "country_code": "SAU",
  "indicator_family": "national_accounts",
  "reference_period": "2023",
  "finding": {
    "pre_revision_real_gdp_growth_pct": -0.8,
    "revised_real_gdp_growth_pct": 0.5,
    "revision_percentage_points": 1.3,
    "qualitative_change": "contraction_to_growth",
    "official_nominal_revision_pct": 14.1,
    "official_nominal_revision_sar_bn": 566,
    "revised_non_oil_share_pct": 53.2,
    "non_oil_share_change_pp": 5.7,
    "reported_sector_revision_effects_pct": {
      "construction": 61.0,
      "wholesale_retail_restaurants_hotels": 29.8,
      "transport_storage_communications": 25.6
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "role": "pre_revision_real_growth",
      "url": "https://www.stats.gov.sa/documents/20117/2435267/GDP%2BFQ42024E_v2%2B%281%29.pdf/b20a6cf0-a825-f230-d6d1-f504fed15014"
    },
    {
      "role": "revised_annual_accounts",
      "url": "https://www.stats.gov.sa/documents/d/guest/annual-national-accounts-publication-2023-en-28-4-2025-pdf"
    },
    {
      "role": "pre_revision_nominal_total",
      "url": "https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/GDP%20FQ42023E_0.pdf"
    },
    {
      "role": "official_revision_headline_and_sector_effects",
      "url": "https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/w/news/38"
    },
    {
      "role": "comprehensive_revision_methodology",
      "url": "https://www.stats.gov.sa/documents/20117/2435133/Statistical%2BMethodology%2BCR%2BGDP%2B2023.pdf/c73816b4-b307-41f7-f6b2-5d10c8ddc078?t=1746013194599"
    }
  ],
  "methodology_changes": [
    "new surveys",
    "administrative data",
    "point-of-sale transactions",
    "digital-platform information",
    "improved informal-sector measurement",
    "supply-use balancing",
    "historical back-casting"
  ],
  "rounding_note": "Rounded nominal totals of SAR 4,003bn and SAR 4,570bn differ by SAR 567bn. GASTAT reports the underlying revision as SAR 566bn; the Lab uses the official underlying revision amount.",
  "claim_boundary": "This record describes a change in official statistical measurement across published vintages. It does not imply that underlying 2023 economic activity changed after the reference year ended.",
  "validation_state": [
    "OFFICIAL SOURCES",
    "FOUNDER PRODUCED",
    "SOURCE-LINKED",
    "PENDING INDEPENDENT REPRODUCTION"
  ],
  "published_at": "2026-08-21"
}